Uhmwpe Fabric

Weaving
The woven fabrics are produced by interlacement of two set of yarns perpendicular to each other warp and weft. The first set includes the threads running lengthwise in the fabric, while the second is represented by the threads placed in cross or width direction. The fabrics have varying structure, depending on the interlacement pattern of the yarns. This sequence of interlacements is termed as the weave design of the fabric. The properties of fabric are governed by its weave design as well as the fiber content used as the raw material.

Warp preparation steps
A summary of the process steps from yarn to the final loom-state fabric. Here the warp yarn is subjected to a number of processes, termed as warp preparation before conversion into fabric, while weft yarn does not require any specific preparation. The warp preparatory process consists of the following operations: Winding, warping, sizing and drawing-in. Yarns produced in spinning are used as input of the warp preparation. Winding helps to prepare the yarn for a package which requires shape and size. Weft yarn is then provided to loom, while warp yarns are processed to give a sheet of yarns on warp beam by the process called warping. A coating of size material is applied to the yarn in the subsequent process to impart strength and make the yarn smooth. This warp sheet is then drawn in from the droppers, heald frames and the reed. The actual fabric forming process is carried out at the loom, where this warp sheet and weft are interlaced to give woven fabric.

Winding
Winding is a process in which yarn from bobbins, which is the end product of ring spinning, are converted into suitable form of package. This transfer of yarn from one type of package to another package, more suitable for the subsequent process is also called winding. Main objectives of winding process are to increase the package size, clear yarn defects and produce a package suitable for subsequent process (size and shape). The winding process involved unwinding yarn from one package and rewinding it on to another package. The yarn may be unwound in two ways, i. E. Over end and side withdrawal winding rate is the speed at which the yarn is wound on package surface, while to and fro movement of yarn when it is laid on to package is called traverse. In case of near parallel package, traverse is very slow, but in case of cross wound package traverse is quick. There is no traverse in case of parallel wound packages.

Warping
In warping process, the yarns are transferred from a number of supply packages (cones) to the warp beam in the form of a parallel sheet. The main objective of warping is to get the required number of ends as per requirement. The three main types of warping are high speed / direct warping, sectional / indirect warping and ball warping. In direct warping, the yarns are withdrawn from the single-end yarn packages (cone) on the creel and directly wound on a beam. A number of beams are warped to get the required number of ends. For example, to produce a fabric with 6040 warp ends, 8 beams will be warped, each with 755 ends. These beams are then combined into a single beam in the sizing process.

Sizing
Sizing, also termed as slashing is the coating of warp sheet with size solution. Weaving requires the warp yarn to be strong, smooth and elastic to a certain degree. There is always a friction between metallic parts and yarn during the weaving. So, the warp yarns need to be lubricated to reduce the abrasion. The application of size material helps to improve the mechanical properties of warp, reduce abrasion and the elasticity of yarn. The amount of sizing material relates to the tenacity, hairiness and linear density of yarn, and also to its behaviour during weaving. Another major objective of this process is to get the total ends on a weavers beam, combining the ends of all warp beams. The application of sizing material results in the following properties in yarn.

Drawing in
The sized warp sheet is wound on to a beam called as the weaver’s beam. It has the required number of ends and the yarns have adequate strength to bear the tensions of weaving process on loom. This beam is either used for drawing in or knotting / tying, depending on the requirement.

Weaving mechanisms
The conversion of warp sheet into fabric by interlacing with weft yarn requires the basic operations to be carried out on loom in a specific order. It involves the primary motions, secondary motions and the stop motions.

Read the labels
The first and most important step for fabric care and maintenance is to read the labels on your garments or fabrics. The labels will tell you the composition, origin, and recommended care instructions for your fabric. They will also indicate if your fabric is washable, dry-cleanable, or requires special treatment. Follow the labels as closely as possible to avoid shrinking, fading, stretching, or ruining your fabric.

Sort and separate
The next step for fabric care and maintenance is to sort and separate your fabrics before washing or cleaning them. You should sort your fabrics by color, weight, and type. For example, you should wash whites separately from colors, heavy fabrics separately from light ones, and natural fabrics separately from synthetic ones. This will prevent bleeding, pilling, or snagging of your fabrics. You should also separate delicate fabrics like silk, lace, or wool from rough ones like denim, corduroy, or canvas.

Choose the right method
The third step for fabric care and maintenance is to choose the right method for washing or cleaning your fabrics. Depending on the type and properties of your fabric, you may need to use different methods such as hand washing, machine washing, dry cleaning, or spot cleaning. For example, you should hand wash fabrics that are delicate, prone to shrinking, or have embellishments. You should machine wash fabrics that are durable, colorfast, or easy to wrinkle. You should dry clean fabrics that are sensitive to water, heat, or chemicals. You should spot clean fabrics that have stains, odors, or dirt.

Use the right products
The fourth step for fabric care and maintenance is to use the right products for washing or cleaning your fabrics. You should use products that are suitable for the type and properties of your fabric, such as detergent, bleach, fabric softener, stain remover, or vinegar. For example, you should use mild detergent for fabrics that are delicate, natural, or dark. You should use bleach for fabrics that are white, cotton, or linen. You should use fabric softener for fabrics that are stiff, rough, or static-prone. You should use stain remover for fabrics that have stains, grease, or ink. You should use vinegar for fabrics that have odors, mildew, or hard water.

Dry and iron properly
The fifth step for fabric care and maintenance is to dry and iron your fabrics properly after washing or cleaning them. You should dry your fabrics according to the label instructions, such as air drying, tumble drying, or line drying. For example, you should air dry fabrics that are delicate, prone to shrinking, or have embellishments. You should tumble dry fabrics that are durable, colorfast, or easy to wrinkle. You should line dry fabrics that are sensitive to heat, sunlight, or lint. You should also iron your fabrics according to the label instructions, such as using the right temperature, steam, or pressing cloth. For example, you should iron fabrics that are cotton, linen, or silk. You should avoid ironing fabrics that are wool, polyester, or nylon.

Store and repair wisely
The sixth and final step for fabric care and maintenance is to store and repair your fabrics wisely. You should store your fabrics in a clean, dry, and ventilated place, away from direct sunlight, heat, or moisture. You should also fold or hang your fabrics properly, using the right hangers, bags, or boxes. For example, you should fold fabrics that are knit, stretchy, or bulky. You should hang fabrics that are woven, smooth, or wrinkle-prone. You should also repair your fabrics as soon as possible if they have holes, tears, or loose threads. You should use the right tools, techniques, and materials for repairing your fabrics, such as needles, threads, patches, or buttons.